study the expression of mara gene in ciprofloxacin and tetracycline resistant mutants of esherichia coli

mara activates two membrane dependent mechanisms of resistance to different antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, including promotion of outflux and inhibition of influx of antibiotics. thus, mara causes multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype. the activation of these mechanisms needs overexpression of mara. this could happen through mutation in marr. thus, the aim of this study was to measure mara expression in ciprofloxacin resistant e. coli gyra mutants and clones with or without marr mutation. for this purpose, real time pcr was used to measure relative expression of mara in above mutants and clones. results showed that two clones, c14 and c17 overexpressed mara. it is concluded that the level of mara expression is important for activation of above mechanisms.